ABSTRACT
This work on ”Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health”, with respect to whether or not exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is a cause of disease or other health effects. The conclusion is primarily based on scientific articles, published in English language peer-reviewed scientific journals. Only studies that are considered relevant for the task are cited and commented upon in the literature. The opinion is divided into frequency (f) bands, namely: radio frequency (RF) (100 kHz < f ≤ 300 GHz), intermediate frequency (IF) (300 Hz < f ≤ 100 kHz), extremely low frequency (ELF) (0< f ≤ 300 Hz), and static (0 Hz) (only static magnetic fields are considered in this opinion). There is a separate section for environmental effects.
Radio Frequency Fields (RF fields)
Since 2001 opinion extensive research has been conducted regarding possible health effects of exposure to low intensity RF fields, including epidemiologic, in vivo, and in vitro research. In conclusion, no health effect has been consistently demonstrated at exposure levels below the limits of ICNIRP (International Committee on Non Ionising Radiation Protection) established in 1998. However, the data base for evaluation remains limited especially for long-term low-level exposure.
Intermediate Frequency Fields (IF fields)
Experimental and epidemiological data from the IF range are very sparse. Therefore, assessment of acute health risks in the IF range is currently based on known hazards at lower frequencies and higher frequencies. Proper evaluation and assessment of possible health effects from long-term exposure to IF fields are important because human exposure to such fields is increasing due to new and emerging technologies.
Extremely low frequency fields (ELF fields)
The previous conclusion that ELF magnetic fields are possibly carcinogenic, chiefly based on occurrence of childhood leukaemia, is still valid. For breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, recent research has indicated that an association is unlikely. For neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours, the link to ELF fields remains uncertain. No consistent relationship between ELF fields and self-reported symptoms (sometimes referred to as electrical hypersensitivity) has been demonstrated.
Static Fields
Adequate data for proper risk assessment of static magnetic fields are very sparse. Developments of technologies involving static magnetic fields, e.g. with MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) equipment require risk assessments to be made in relation to occupational exposure.
Environmental Effects
There are insufficient data to identify whether a single exposure standard is appropriate to protect all environmental species from EMF. Similarly the data are inadequate to judge whether the environmental standards should be the same or significantly different from those appropriate to protect human health.
Background of the Study
Digital marketing strategies have become pivotal for banks seeking to expand their customer base in...
ABSTRACT: This study examined the Impact of Early Childhood Education on Community Health. The objectives of...
Background of the study :
Industrialization has been a central driver of economic transformation, particularly in developin...
ABSTRACT
This research project entitled ‘AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW RELATING TO DOMICILE IN NIGERIA’, is aime...
ABSTRACT
This examine the role of mass medial in educational development in Nigeria. The background centre on the...
Background of the study
Arabic language learning is central to Islamic education; however, traditional methods often rely o...
Background of the Study
A robust financial sector is essential for the mobilization of capital, efficient allocation of res...
Background of the Study
Peacebuilding initiatives are essential in post-conflict societies, particularly in regions plag...
ABSTRACT
This project is poised at x-raying the degree of the role of financial management in a co-operate organizat...
Background of the Study
Genome annotation, the process of identifying and labeling functional elements within a genome,...